How to check for tuberculosis
Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is mainly spread through the air. Early diagnosis and treatment are critical to controlling the spread of the disease. The following is a detailed guide on tuberculosis examination, combining hot topics and hot content in the past 10 days to provide you with structured data and analysis.
1. Common symptoms of tuberculosis
Symptoms of tuberculosis may vary from person to person, but here are some common ones:
| Symptoms | Description |
|---|---|
| cough | Cough that lasts for more than 2 weeks and may be accompanied by phlegm or blood |
| Fever | Low-grade fever or fever in the afternoon |
| Night sweats | Profuse sweating at night |
| weight loss | unexplained weight loss |
| Weakness | persistent feeling of fatigue |
2. Testing methods for tuberculosis
The diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis usually requires a combination of multiple examination methods. The following are common examination methods:
| Check method | Description | Applicable people |
|---|---|---|
| Sputum smear test | Observe the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum through a microscope | Patients with symptoms of cough and sputum |
| Tuberculin test (PPD test) | Inject tuberculin subcutaneously and observe skin reactions | Screening for latent tuberculosis infection |
| Chest X-ray | Checking the lungs for tuberculosis lesions by X-ray | Suspected tuberculosis patients |
| Chest CT | Show lung lesions more clearly | When X-ray results are unclear |
| Molecular biology testing (such as GeneXpert) | Rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its drug resistance | Suspected drug-resistant tuberculosis patients |
3. Precautions for tuberculosis examination
When conducting a tuberculosis test, you need to pay attention to the following points:
1.Sputum collection: It is best to collect sputum in the early morning and rinse your mouth before collection to avoid food residue contaminating the sample.
2.Preparation before inspection: Metal objects need to be removed before chest X-ray or CT examination, and pregnant women should inform their doctor.
3.Interpretation of results: A positive tuberculin test does not necessarily mean active tuberculosis, and it needs to be comprehensively judged in conjunction with other examination results.
4.Follow-up examination: For suspected cases, multiple tests may be needed to confirm the diagnosis.
4. Treatment and prevention of tuberculosis
Once tuberculosis is diagnosed, treatment should be started promptly. Here are the key points for treatment and prevention:
| Project | content |
|---|---|
| drug treatment | It usually takes 6-9 months of combined medication, and the medication cannot be stopped at will. |
| quarantine measures | Patients with active tuberculosis need to wear masks and avoid close contact with others |
| Vaccination | Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine can prevent severe tuberculosis, but the protective effect is limited |
| healthy lifestyle | Enhance immunity, maintain good ventilation and avoid crowded places |
5. Hot topics about tuberculosis in the past 10 days
According to the search data of the entire Internet, the following is the recent hot content related to tuberculosis:
| topic | heat index | Main content |
|---|---|---|
| New tuberculosis detection technology | 85 | Application of artificial intelligence in imaging diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis |
| Breakthrough in drug-resistant tuberculosis treatment | 78 | Progress in clinical trials of new anti-tuberculosis drugs |
| Campus tuberculosis prevention and control | 92 | Strengthen school tuberculosis screening in many places |
| Tuberculosis vaccine development | 65 | New generation tuberculosis vaccine enters phase III clinical trials |
Conclusion
Early detection and diagnosis of tuberculosis is critical for both personal health and public health. If you have suspected symptoms or high-risk factors, it is recommended to seek medical examination in time. With the advancement of medical technology, the diagnosis and treatment methods of tuberculosis are constantly updated. Paying attention to the latest medical trends will help to better prevent and treat the disease.
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